Batching Strategy for Multicasting in Video On Demand (VOD) Systems
M. Jain and Kriti Priya
Video on Demand (VOD) is an emerging prospect in the field of telecommunications. Near Video on Demand (NVOD) systems are catching the attention of various researchers in lieu of true VOD systems, as they are comparatively easy to implement. In NVOD systems, batching, technology is used where the video files are multicast among a group of customers. This reduces the bandwidth requirement of the system to a greater extent. But the choice of the batching time should be such that it should not degrade the performance of the system. In this paper, we suggest an adaptive batching strategy where the optimal batching time is calculated on the basis of the current arrival rate, which is a non linear function of time. The comparison of adaptive batching scheme (ABS) with the conventional fixed batching scheme (CBS) in which the batching time remains fixed has been done. Numerical illustrations are provided which show that ABS always performs better than FBS for optimizing the bandwidth requirement.
Markovian Modeling of Multi-node Communication System with Heterogeneous Traffic
Deepak Chikara, Madhu Jain & Chandra Shekhar
We present queuing analysis of state-dependent finite multi-node service system that renders its facilities to two types of traffic i.e. ordinary traffic and elective traffic. Ordinary traffic as well as elective traffic joins the system with their respective exponential distributed rates. Various performance indices are computed efficiently in terms of steady-state probabilities using numerical method to solve matrix equation governing the model. A computer program is made to determine the optimal capacities of heterogeneous nodes which facilitate their service according to exponential distribution. Numerical experiment is performed with virtual parameters and results are summarized in tables to illustrate the effect of input parameter constraints on the grade of service.
Closed Queuing Network with Blocking Before Service and Feedback
Madhu Jain, Deepak Chikara & Kriti Priya
Queuing network theory is being used widely for modeling and analyzing computer communication networks. Closed queuing networks with blocking are successfully employed to study various performance issues of communication networks, Exact solutions of closed queuing networks with capacity restrictions imposed on them, are difficult to obtain. In this paper, we suggest an approximation technique for analyzing the closed queuing networks with blocking, by normalizing the infeasible states of the network. A structured feedback policy is considered wherein a Job, after getting the service from a station may go back to the same station with some probability. Numerical illustrations are provided to validate the analytical results.
Queuing Network Model For Computerized Railway Reservation System
Madhu Jain, M.R. Dhakad
This investigation deals with a network model for the computerized railway reservation system consisting of K service counters each having a separate queue. The customers arrive from infinite population and join the shortest queue. The capacity of the system is assumed to be finite. The inter-arrival time and service time are exponentially distributed. The joint probability distribution of the number of customers in each queue and in the system are obtained. Some other performance indices, viz. the probability of server being empty, average number of customers in the system, average maximum waiting time, etc. are derived. The multi criteria decision approach to obtain the optimal operating policy is also discussed. This model may be helpful for the efficient designing and control of the computerized railway reservation system.
Application of Single Electron Binary Decision Diagram (BDD) Circuits in Communication Receivers
Anup Kumar Biswas and Subir Kumar Sarkar
A conventional logic circuit based on single electron Binary Decision Diagram (BDD) circuit, is employed here to realize a demodulator circuit used in communication receiver. A two-way switching principle is utilized which can be realized using electron wave modulation, operational switching or single electron transport. In this work, single electron transport circuits, viz; BDD, has been preferred. The input signal is a modulated digital burst signal, and its output is recovered digital signal.
Optimization of Station Allocation in Tree LANs
Debashis Saha & Amitava Mukherjee
Tree LANs with collision avoidance switches and multiple broadcast facility are suitable for high speed light wave communications. Given a tree LAN with fanout F and total number of stations N to be connected, a combinatorial optimization problem arises regarding how to allocate the stations to the leaf nodes so as to maximize the total system availability. This can be solved by a simple heuristic based on Lagrangean relaxation and subgradient optimization techniques. Simulation studies show that the proposed heuristic is relatively fast operating over a subspace of the complete solution space.
Development of External Pace-Maker For Fertility Control
Sukumar Kundu, Sarajit Mallick, Dr. Dilip Kumar Chakraborty
The objective of the development of the uterine pace maker (External Pace Maker) to control the fertility. The oviduct is an important part of the female reproductive system in mammalian species. The oviduct is the site for the maturation of ovum, matting of ovum and spermatozoa and formation of the zygote for its onward implantation in the uterus's endometrium layer at an appropriate presentational stage of the ovarian cycle. The myometrial rythmicity and uterine resting tonicity play a major role in the implantation of the blastocysts. The nerve supply of the uterus derived principally from the sympathetic & partly from the parasympathetic systems. The parasympathetic system is presented by pelvic nerve from S 2,3,4 and sympathetic system presented by T 5 and T 6 (Motor) and T 10 to L 1 spinal segments (Sensory). Considering the attenuation of voltage, S 2,3,4 being at the close proximity of the uterus, the pace-maker application considered at this zone.
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